This can be easily solved, for example by installing the openssl-client package on a ubuntu base image. The following Dockerfile does precisely that and places a key in the container's root folder. FROM ubuntu:latest RUN apt-get -y install openssh-client RUN ssh-keygen -q -t rsa -N ' -f /idrsa. SSH Keys and Public Key Authentication Creating an SSH Key Pair for User Authentication Choosing an Algorithm and Key Size Specifying the File Name Copying the Public Key to the Server Adding the Key to SSH Agent Creating Host Keys Using X.509 Certificates for Host Authentication Using OpenSSH's Proprietary Certificates Key Management Requires Attention Make Sure There Is Enough Randomness General Purpose Systems Embedded Devices and Internet of Things Command and Option Summary. Generate RSA keys with SSH by using PuTTYgen. Last updated on: 2016-06-23; Authored by: Rackspace Support; One effective way of securing SSH access to your cloud server is to use a public-private key pair. This means that a public key is placed on the server and a private key is placed on your local workstation. Using a key pair makes it.

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1. Apr 28, 2017 The ssh-keygen command provides an interactive command line interface for generating both the public and private keys. Invoke ssh-keygen with the following -t and -b arguments to ensure we get a 4096 bit RSA key. Optionally, you can also specify your email address with -C (otherwise one will be generated off your current Linux account).
2. Sudo apt install ssh The key generation process is identical to the process on a native Linux or Ubuntu installation. With SSH installed, run the SSH key generator by typing the following: ssh-keygen -t rsa You will be asked two questions. The first asks where to save the key, and you can press return to accept the default value.
3. Oct 24, 2018 Ubuntu 18.04 Setup SSH Public Key Authentication. The procedure to set up secure ssh keys on Ubuntu 18.04: Create the key pair using ssh-keygen command. Copy and install the public key using ssh-copy-id command. Add yourself to sudo admin account on Ubuntu 18.04 server. Disable the password login for root account on Ubuntu 18.04.
4. Apr 28, 2017  SSH keys are a necessity for Python development when you are working with Git, connecting to remote servers and automating your deployments.Let's walk through how to generate SSH key pairs, which contain both a public and a private key within a single pair, on Ubuntu Linux.

This article shows how to configure a SSH connection for authentication by using the public-key method. To do this, a key pair is created at the client, the public part of the key is transferred to the server, and afterwards the server is set up for key authentication. The user can log on to the server without a login password, only the password is required to protect the private key.The operating systems used in this article are on the one hand a Ubuntu 12.10 at the client side and a Ubuntu 12.04 at the server side.This guide was also validated working with Ubuntu 16.04 as client and server.

• 1On the client
• 2On the server
• 3Notes for other distributions

On the client

The first configuration steps take place at the client side.

Home folder rights

By default, Ubuntu sets the user home directory permissions to 755. Nevertheless, for security reasons, check whether the permissions are set to 755 on your system and change them if necessary:

:~$ sudo chmod 755 /home/<USER>

Generate keypair

In the first step, a key pair with ssh-keygen is created at the client. If you use Ubuntu 18.04 on the server, the package openssh-server will be installed in the version 7.6.^[1] Since this version, RSA bit lengths smaller than 1024 bits are no longer accepted.^[2] In this example, a bit length of 4096 bits is selected for the RSA keys:

Please note: It is recommended to protect the key with a passphrase for security reasons. This means that the key is not available in plain text, but is AES-CBC encrypted:

If the private key is stolen by an attacker, he has to find out the password of the key in order to access the server with the key. If the key is available in plain text, an attacker can use this stolen key to directly access the server.

Transfer the public key to the server

To transfer the public key to the server, the first step is to use the SSH connection via password authentication yet. The ssh-copy-id tool copies the corresponding identity file to the server:

The above-mentioned procedure has created the following entry in the /home/tktest/.ssh/authorized_keyson the server:

Test the key authentication

Now that the public key is transferred to the server, the connection can be tested from the client. In this case, it is important that the server does not ask for the user password, but of course the passphrase of the protected key is required!

The following dialog box appears for GUI-based systems:

After entering the password that protected the key when it was created, you are authenticated on the system:

On the server

This paragraph shows some additional configuration steps on the server side to harden the public-key authentication.

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sshd configuration

In Ubuntu, it is generally sufficient to carry out the above-mentioned procedure for public-key authentication. In some situations it makes sense to deactivate password authentication completely.

Please note: After changing the following setting, it is no longer possible to log in with a password via ssh: PasswordAuthentication no.

From the client, the connection is tested again:

In the above example, the dialog for entering the key password has been aborted. Since the log-on via password was deactivated, it was not possible to log-on to the system.

Forbid password authentication for just one user

Another way in which password authentication is not completely deactivated is to disable password authentication for specific users. This allows a user who does not have sudo privileges to log on to the server, for example. To gain root privileges, at least one additional password must be found for a user with sudo privileges. Plus, there's a way to completely exclude users from ssh:

This example:

• Prohibits SSH access for the user test
• Deactivates password authentication for the user tktest
• Password authentication is retained for all other users

Notes for other distributions

For other Linux distributions, the required steps may differ slightly. We would be happy to supplement our experiences with other distributions, which you are welcome to share with us via the feedback function.

Red Hat

One reader told us that the procedure described Red Hat does not work 1:1 in Red Hat. In the home directory of the user, the write permission was set for the group. After a chmod 755 it worked to connect via ssh to the server without asking for a password.

References

1. ↑Package: openssh-server (1:7.6p1-4) (packages.ubuntu.com)
2. ↑OpenSSH 7.6 Release Notes (openssh.com)

Parent page: Internet and Networking >> SSH

Public key authentication is more secure than password authentication. This is particularly important if the computer is visible on the internet. If you don't think it's important, try logging the login attempts you get for the next week. My computer - a perfectly ordinary desktop PC - had over 4,000 attempts to guess my password and almost 2,500 break-in attempts in the last week alone.

With public key authentication, the authenticating entity has a public key and a private key. Each key is a large number with special mathematical properties. The private key is kept on the computer you log in from, while the public key is stored on the .ssh/authorized_keys file on all the computers you want to log in to. When you log in to a computer, the SSH server uses the public key to 'lock' messages in a way that can only be 'unlocked' by your private key - this means that even the most resourceful attacker can't snoop on, or interfere with, your session. As an extra security measure, most SSH programs store the private key in a passphrase-protected format, so that if your computer is stolen or broken in to, you should have enough time to disable your old public key before they break the passphrase and start using your key. Wikipedia has a more detailed explanation of how keys work.

Public key authentication is a much better solution than passwords for most people. In fact, if you don't mind leaving a private key unprotected on your hard disk, you can even use keys to do secure automatic log-ins - as part of a network backup, for example. Different SSH programs generate public keys in different ways, but they all generate public keys in a similar format:

Key-based authentication is the most secure of several modes of authentication usable with OpenSSH, such as plain password and Kerberos tickets. Key-based authentication has several advantages over password authentication, for example the key values are significantly more difficult to brute-force, or guess than plain passwords, provided an ample key length. Other authentication methods are only used in very specific situations.

SSH can use either 'RSA' (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman) or 'DSA' ('Digital Signature Algorithm') keys. Both of these were considered state-of-the-art algorithms when SSH was invented, but DSA has come to be seen as less secure in recent years. RSA is the only recommended choice for new keys, so this guide uses 'RSA key' and 'SSH key' interchangeably.

Key-based authentication uses two keys, one 'public' key that anyone is allowed to see, and another 'private' key that only the owner is allowed to see. To securely communicate using key-based authentication, one needs to create a key pair, securely store the private key on the computer one wants to log in from, and store the public key on the computer one wants to log in to.

Using key based logins with ssh is generally considered more secure than using plain password logins. This section of the guide will explain the process of generating a set of public/private RSA keys, and using them for logging into your Ubuntu computer(s) via OpenSSH.

The first step involves creating a set of RSA keys for use in authentication.

This should be done on the client.

To create your public and private SSH keys on the command-line:

You will be prompted for a location to save the keys, and a passphrase for the keys. This passphrase will protect your private key while it's stored on the hard drive:

Your public key is now available as .ssh/id_rsa.pub in your home folder.

Congratulations! You now have a set of keys. Now it's time to make your systems allow you to login with them

Choosing a good passphrase

You need to change all your locks if your RSA key is stolen. Otherwise the thief could impersonate you wherever you authenticate with that key.

An SSH key passphrase is a secondary form of security that gives you a little time when your keys are stolen. If your RSA key has a strong passphrase, it might take your attacker a few hours to guess by brute force. That extra time should be enough to log in to any computers you have an account on, delete your old key from the .ssh/authorized_keys file, and add a new key.

Your SSH key passphrase is only used to protect your private key from thieves. It's never transmitted over the Internet, and the strength of your key has nothing to do with the strength of your passphrase.

The decision to protect your key with a passphrase involves convenience x security. Note that if you protect your key with a passphrase, then when you type the passphrase to unlock it, your local computer will generally leave the key unlocked for a time. So if you use the key multiple times without logging out of your local account in the meantime, you will probably only have to type the passphrase once.

If you do adopt a passphrase, pick a strong one and store it securely in a password manager. You may also write it down on a piece of paper and keep it in a secure place. If you choose not to protect the key with a passphrase, then just press the return when ssh-keygen asks.

Key Encryption Level

Note: The default is a 2048 bit key. You can increase this to 4096 bits with the -b flag (Increasing the bits makes it harder to crack the key by brute force methods).

Password Authentication

The main problem with public key authentication is that you need a secure way of getting the public key onto a computer before you can log in with it. If you will only ever use an SSH key to log in to your own computer from a few other computers (such as logging in to your PC from your laptop), you should copy your SSH keys over on a memory stick, and disable password authentication altogether. If you would like to log in from other computers from time to time (such as a friend's PC), make sure you have a strong password.

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The key you need to transfer to the host is the public one. If you can log in to a computer over SSH using a password, you can transfer your RSA key by doing the following from your own computer:

Where <username> and <host> should be replaced by your username and the name of the computer you're transferring your key to.

Due to this bug, you cannot specify a port other than the standard port 22. You can work around this by issuing the command like this: ssh-copy-id '<username>@<host> -p <port_nr>'. If you are using the standard port 22, you can ignore this tip.

Another alternative is to copy the public key file to the server and concatenate it onto the authorized_keys file manually. It is wise to back that up first:

You can make sure this worked by doing:

You should be prompted for the passphrase for your key:

Enter your passphrase, and provided host is configured to allow key-based logins, you should then be logged in as usual.

Encrypted Home Directory

If you have an encrypted home directory, SSH cannot access your authorized_keys file because it is inside your encrypted home directory and won't be available until after you are authenticated. Therefore, SSH will default to password authentication.

To solve this, create a folder outside your home named /etc/ssh/<username> (replace '<username>' with your actual username). This directory should have 755 permissions and be owned by the user. Move the authorized_keys file into it. The authorized_keys file should have 644 permissions and be owned by the user.

Then edit your /etc/ssh/sshd_config and add:

Finally, restart ssh with:

The next time you connect with SSH you should not have to enter your password.

username@host's password:

If you are not prompted for the passphrase, and instead get just the

prompt as usual with password logins, then read on. There are a few things which could prevent this from working as easily as demonstrated above. On default Ubuntu installs however, the above examples should work. If not, then check the following condition, as it is the most frequent cause:

On the host computer, ensure that the /etc/ssh/sshd_config contains the following lines, and that they are uncommented;

If not, add them, or uncomment them, restart OpenSSH, and try logging in again. If you get the passphrase prompt now, then congratulations, you're logging in with a key!

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Permission denied (publickey)

If you're sure you've correctly configured sshd_config, copied your ID, and have your private key in the .ssh directory, and still getting this error:

Chances are, your /home/<user> or ~/.ssh/authorized_keys permissions are too open by OpenSSH standards. You can get rid of this problem by issuing the following commands:

Error: Agent admitted failure to sign using the key.

This error occurs when the ssh-agent on the client is not yet managing the key. Issue the following commands to fix:

This command should be entered after you have copied your public key to the host computer.

Debugging and sorting out further problems

The permissions of files and folders is crucial to this working. You can get debugging information from both the client and server.

Amazon EC2 does not accept DSA keys.The supported lengths are 1024, 2048, and 4096. If you connectusing SSH while using the EC2 Instance Connect API, the SSH2 format is also supported.Base64 encoded DER format.SSH public key file format as specified in.SSH private key file format must be PEM (for example, use ssh-keygen -mPEM to convert the OpenSSH key into the PEM format).Create an RSA key. Aws use rsa private key to generate secret access key code. The following formats are supported:.OpenSSH public key format (the format in/.ssh/authorizedkeys). If you connectusing SSH while using the EC2 Instance Connect API, the supported lengths are 2048and4096.

if you think you have set it up correctly , yet still get asked for the password, try starting the server with debugging output to the terminal.

To connect and send information to the client terminal

No matter how your public key was generated, you can add it to your Ubuntu system by opening the file .ssh/authorized_keys in your favourite text editor and adding the key to the bottom of the file. You can also limit the SSH features that the key can use, such as disallowing port-forwarding or only allowing a specific command to be run. This is done by adding 'options' before the SSH key, on the same line in the authorized_keys file. For example, if you maintain a CVS repository, you could add a line like this:

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When the user with the specified key logged in, the server would automatically run /usr/bin/cvs server, ignoring any requests from the client to run another command such as a shell. For more information, see the sshd man page. /755